Grammar
Browse grammar content by JLPT level.
Recommended lessons
〜がります (~garimasu)
3rd person wants to
〜代わりに
Instead of... / In exchange for...
〜ましょう (mashou)
Let's do... / Shall we...?
〜てください (te kudasai)
Please do...
〜なりに / 〜なりの
In one's own way; suitable for; within the limits of.
〜つもりだ (tsumori da)
Intend to do / Plan to do
Grammar lessons
〜っぱなし
Leaving something in a certain state; keeping doing something (Highly common in daily complaints about leaving things messy or unfinished)
〜っこない
Absolutely cannot; there is no way that... (Used in rapid, casual speech to strongly deny the possibility of something)
～に引き換え (ni hikikae)
In sharp contrast to..., unlike... (Used to compare two things or texts, highlighting a strong, often evaluative, difference between them).
～に対して (ni taishite)
In contrast to..., whereas... (Used to clearly contrast two different subjects, opinions, or data sets between two texts).
～一方で (ippou de)
On one hand..., on the other hand... (Used to present two contrasting aspects, viewpoints, or information found in different texts).
～につき
Due to; because of (used in written notices, signs, and official documents to state a formal reason or condition).
～かねます
Unable to; cannot (a polite, indirect way to decline requests, express inability, or refuse in professional correspondence).
〜おそれがある
There is a risk that / it is feared that (used in objective reports, editorials, and announcements to warn of a potential negative outcome)
〜に伴って（〜にともなって） / 〜に伴い
Along with / as... (used in reports and articles to indicate that a major change or development occurs in tandem with another change)
〜をめぐって / 〜をめぐる
Concerning / surrounding (used in formal writing and news to describe a situation where multiple parties are disputing or debating a central topic)
〜を控えて
With an event, deadline, or major life change close at hand; ahead of (strongly collocates with nouns like 試験, 出産, 開業, or 帰国).
〜を余儀なくされる
To be forced to do or undergo something due to unavoidable circumstances (strongly collocates with nouns of negative change/stoppage like 延期, 中止, 変更, or 撤退).