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Notices and Short Messages (Main Guide)

Master N4 Japanese: Reading Notices and Short Messages (ใŠ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใจ็Ÿญใ„ใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธ)

In everyday life in Japan and on the JLPT N4 exam, you will constantly encounter notices (ใŠ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ› - oshirase) and short messages (็Ÿญใ„ใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธ). These texts are concise, polite, and use specific grammar patterns to convey rules, schedules, and requests.

This guide will teach you how to decode these messages like a pro.


1. Key Kanji & Signboard Vocabulary

Before diving into grammar, you must recognize these high-frequency N4 kanji combinations often found on posters and doors:

KanjiHiraganaEnglish MeaningTutor's Tip
็ฆๆญขใใ‚“ใ—Prohibited / ForbiddenLook for this on red signs!
ไฝฟ็”จไธญใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใกใ‚…ใ†In Useใ€œไธญ (chลซ) means "currently doing..."
ๆœฌๆ—ฅไผ‘ๆฅญใปใ‚“ใ˜ใคใใ‚…ใ†ใŽใ‚‡ใ†Closed TodayCommon on shop doors.
็„กๆ–™ / ๆœ‰ๆ–™ใ‚€ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ† / ใ‚†ใ†ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†Free / ChargedEssential for services.

๐Ÿ’ก Kanji Stroke Order Focus: ็ฆ (Prohibit)

To write ็ฆ (13 strokes), start with the "forest" radical (ๆž—) on top, followed by the "altar" radical (็คบ) below.

  • Stroke Order: Left tree (4 strokes) $\rightarrow$ Right tree (4 strokes) $\rightarrow$ Bottom altar (5 strokes).

2. Essential Grammar Patterns for Notices

Pattern A: ใ€œใซใคใ„ใฆ (Regarding / About...)

This pattern introduces the topic of the notice. It is placed directly after a noun.

$$\text{Noun} + \text{ใซใคใ„ใฆ}$$

  • Example:
    ๅ›ณๆ›ธ้คจใฎๅˆฉ็”จใซใคใ„ใฆ (ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ‹ใ‚“ใฎใ‚Šใ‚ˆใ†ใซใคใ„ใฆ)
    Regarding the use of the library.

Pattern B: ใ€œใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ (Please make sure to...)

In public notices, direct commands like ใ€œใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ can sound too blunt. Instead, writers use ใ€œใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ to request a habitual action or a firm rule politely.

$$\text{Verb (Dictionary / Nai-form)} + \text{ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„}$$

  • Example 1 (Positive):
    ใ‚ดใƒŸใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใงๆŒใกๅธฐใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
    Please make sure to take your garbage home with you.
  • Example 2 (Negative):
    ๅคœ10ๆ™‚ไปฅ้™ใฏใ€ๅคงใใช้Ÿณใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
    Please make sure not to make loud noises after 10 PM.

Pattern C: ใ€œใฆ / ใ€œใš (Connecting Instructions)

To save space, short messages link clauses using the Te-form or the Zu-form (the written form of Nai-de, meaning "without doing").

  • Example (using ใ€œใš):
    ่ตฐใ‚‰ใšใ€้™ใ‹ใซๆญฉใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
    Without running, please walk quietly (Please do not run; walk quietly).

3. Real-World Practice: Reading a Notice

Analyze the office memo below. Can you spot the key grammar points?


ใ€ใ‚จใƒฌใƒ™ใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผ็‚นๆคœใฎใŠ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใ€‘

ๆ—ฅๆ™‚๏ผš 11ๆœˆ10ๆ—ฅ๏ผˆๆฐด๏ผ‰ 10:00 ใ€œ 12:00
ๅ†…ๅฎน๏ผš ใ‚จใƒฌใƒ™ใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใฎๅฎ‰ๅ…จ็‚นๆคœใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚

็‚นๆคœไธญใฏใ‚จใƒฌใƒ™ใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
้šŽๆฎตใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

ใ”ไธไพฟใ‚’ใŠใ‹ใ‘ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ”็†่งฃใจใ”ๅ”ๅŠ›ใ‚’ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ„ใŸใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚


๐Ÿ” Breakdown & Translation:

  1. ็‚นๆคœ (ใฆใ‚“ใ‘ใ‚“ - Inspection): "Notice of Elevator Inspection."
  2. ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“: "You cannot use [the elevator] during the inspection." (N4 Grammar: Verb-dictionary + ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“).
  3. ไฝฟใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„: "Please make sure to use the stairs."
  4. ใ”ๅ”ๅŠ›ใ‚’ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ„ใŸใ—ใพใ™ (ใ”ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใใ‚’ใŠใญใŒใ„ใ„ใŸใ—ใพใ™): "We humbly request your cooperation." (Keigo/Polite N4 formula).

Tutor's Wrap-Up Challenge

Next time you read an N4 notice, don't translate word-for-word.

  1. Identify the Topic (ใ€œใซใคใ„ใฆ).
  2. Identify the Action requested (ใ€œใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„).
  3. Identify the Time/Date constraints.

Mastering these three elements will guarantee your success in the JLPT N4 reading section! ใŒใ‚“ใฐใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ

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