Notices and Short Messages (Main Guide)
Master N4 Japanese: Reading Notices and Short Messages (ใ็ฅใใใจ็ญใใกใใปใผใธ)
In everyday life in Japan and on the JLPT N4 exam, you will constantly encounter notices (ใ็ฅใใ - oshirase) and short messages (็ญใใกใใปใผใธ). These texts are concise, polite, and use specific grammar patterns to convey rules, schedules, and requests.
This guide will teach you how to decode these messages like a pro.
1. Key Kanji & Signboard Vocabulary
Before diving into grammar, you must recognize these high-frequency N4 kanji combinations often found on posters and doors:
| Kanji | Hiragana | English Meaning | Tutor's Tip |
|---|---|---|---|
| ็ฆๆญข | ใใใ | Prohibited / Forbidden | Look for this on red signs! |
| ไฝฟ็จไธญ | ใใใใกใ ใ | In Use | ใไธญ (chลซ) means "currently doing..." |
| ๆฌๆฅไผๆฅญ | ใปใใใคใใ ใใใใ | Closed Today | Common on shop doors. |
| ็กๆ / ๆๆ | ใใใใ / ใใใใใ | Free / Charged | Essential for services. |
๐ก Kanji Stroke Order Focus: ็ฆ (Prohibit)
To write ็ฆ (13 strokes), start with the "forest" radical (ๆ) on top, followed by the "altar" radical (็คบ) below.
- Stroke Order: Left tree (4 strokes) $\rightarrow$ Right tree (4 strokes) $\rightarrow$ Bottom altar (5 strokes).
2. Essential Grammar Patterns for Notices
Pattern A: ใใซใคใใฆ (Regarding / About...)
This pattern introduces the topic of the notice. It is placed directly after a noun.
$$\text{Noun} + \text{ใซใคใใฆ}$$
- Example:
ๅณๆธ้คจใฎๅฉ็จใซใคใใฆ (ใใใใใฎใใใใซใคใใฆ)
Regarding the use of the library.
Pattern B: ใใใใซใใฆใใ ใใ (Please make sure to...)
In public notices, direct commands like ใใฆใใ ใใ can sound too blunt. Instead, writers use ใใใใซใใฆใใ ใใ to request a habitual action or a firm rule politely.
$$\text{Verb (Dictionary / Nai-form)} + \text{ใใใซใใฆใใ ใใ}$$
- Example 1 (Positive):
ใดใใฏ่ชๅใงๆใกๅธฐใใใใซใใฆใใ ใใใ
Please make sure to take your garbage home with you. - Example 2 (Negative):
ๅค10ๆไปฅ้ใฏใๅคงใใช้ณใ็ซใฆใชใใใใซใใฆใใ ใใใ
Please make sure not to make loud noises after 10 PM.
Pattern C: ใใฆ / ใใ (Connecting Instructions)
To save space, short messages link clauses using the Te-form or the Zu-form (the written form of Nai-de, meaning "without doing").
- Example (using ใใ):
่ตฐใใใ้ใใซๆญฉใใฆใใ ใใใ
Without running, please walk quietly (Please do not run; walk quietly).
3. Real-World Practice: Reading a Notice
Analyze the office memo below. Can you spot the key grammar points?
ใใจใฌใใผใฟใผ็นๆคใฎใ็ฅใใใ
ๆฅๆ๏ผ 11ๆ10ๆฅ๏ผๆฐด๏ผ 10:00 ใ 12:00
ๅ
ๅฎน๏ผ ใจใฌใใผใฟใผใฎๅฎๅ
จ็นๆคใ่กใใพใใ
็นๆคไธญใฏใจใฌใใผใฟใผใไฝฟ็จใใใใจใใงใใพใใใ
้ๆฎตใไฝฟใใใใซใใฆใใ ใใใ
ใไธไพฟใใใใใใพใใใใ็่งฃใจใๅๅใใ้กใใใใใพใใ
๐ Breakdown & Translation:
- ็นๆค (ใฆใใใ - Inspection): "Notice of Elevator Inspection."
- ไฝฟ็จใใใใจใใงใใพใใ: "You cannot use [the elevator] during the inspection." (N4 Grammar:
Verb-dictionary + ใใจใใงใใพใใ). - ไฝฟใใใใซใใฆใใ ใใ: "Please make sure to use the stairs."
- ใๅๅใใ้กใใใใใพใ (ใใใใใใใใใใญใใใใใใพใ): "We humbly request your cooperation." (Keigo/Polite N4 formula).
Tutor's Wrap-Up Challenge
Next time you read an N4 notice, don't translate word-for-word.
- Identify the Topic (
ใใซใคใใฆ). - Identify the Action requested (
ใใใใซใใฆใใ ใใ). - Identify the Time/Date constraints.
Mastering these three elements will guarantee your success in the JLPT N4 reading section! ใใใฐใฃใฆใใ ใใ๏ผ
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